在柏格森的《物質與記憶》（Matière et mémoire）中，記憶（mémoire）扮演著連接心物二元的關鍵地位。記憶作為中介點，既包含物質，也有精神存在其中，例如賭物思人，不能缺少物，亦不能沒有主體，唯有兩者共在，記憶與情感並現。記憶不只是人的內在精神，也透過知覺連接物質。柏格森提到：「沒有不充滿回憶（souvenir）的知覺」。我們以為自己在感知這個世界，其實是透過回憶形成的影像（image）來掌握置身其中的世界，與之對應。兒童對乍見事物充滿驚奇，耗費時間來認識，一旦有所掌握，便加快了反應的速度，因為他不再動用感知，而是直接以回憶進行反射式的運作。因而當事物產生超乎預期的結果時，才會招致驚訝的反應，彷彿此時才終於開始感知。同理，就視覺而言，我以為我在看桌子、椅子，其實我在看的是：眼睛接收影像後，透過我的視神經回傳到大腦裡的影像。因此，我其實不是向外看，而是向內看我腦中的影像，我以為知覺與認識同步，其實我總是處在延遲的回憶裡。當我們抬頭看星星時，閃閃發光的星星看起來與我們同在，其實之間延遲了千萬光年的時差，星星很可能早已殞落，卻持續在我眼底閃耀。本課程的目的在於通過柏格森思想中的幾個關鍵字——記憶、知覺、影像與物質等——思辨一世界整體的呈現樣貌。In Bergson's Matière et mémoire (Matter and Memory), memory (mémoire) plays a key role in connecting the duality of mind and matter. As an intermediary point, memory contains both matter and spirit. For example, when gambling on things and thinking about people, one cannot be without things or without a subject. Only the two coexist, and memory and emotion coexist. Memory is not only the inner spirit of a person, but also connects matter through perception. Bergson said: "There is no perception that is not full of recollection (souvenir)." We think we are perceiving the world, but we are actually grasping and corresponding to the world we are in through the images formed by our memories. Children are full of surprises when they see things at first sight, and it takes time to understand them. Once they have mastered them, they speed up their reactions because they no longer use perception, but directly use memory to perform reflexive operations. Therefore, when something produces unexpected results, it will lead to a surprised reaction, as if it is finally starting to feel. Similarly, in terms of vision, I thought I was looking at tables and chairs, but in fact what I was looking at was the image that my eyes received and sent back to my brain through my optic nerve. Therefore, I am not actually looking outward, but looking inward at the images in my mind. I think perception and understanding are synchronized, but in fact I am always in delayed recall. When we look up at the stars, the shining stars appear to be with us, but in fact they are delayed by tens of millions of light years. The stars may have already fallen, but they continue to shine in my eyes. The purpose of this course is to speculate on the overall appearance of the world through several key words in Bergson's thought - memory, perception, image and matter.
Bergson, Henri (1939). Matière et mémoire. Paris : PUF.
Bergson, Henri (1939). Matter and memory. London : George Allen & Unwin LTD.
柏格森。《物質與記憶》。北京：北京時代華文書局。
其他課程資料將於課堂發放。
Bergson, Henri (1939). Matière et mémoire. Paris : PUF.
Bergson, Henri (1939). Matter and memory. London : George Allen & Unwin LTD.
Bergson. "Matter and Memory". Beijing: Beijing Times Chinese Bookstore.
Other course materials will be distributed in class.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂參與課堂參與 class participation |
30 | |
| 課堂導讀課堂導讀 Classroom Introduction |
30 | |
| 書面報告書面報告 written report |
40 |
